Vacuum Annealing Furnace

Vacuum annealing furnace is used for various alloy materials, devices (tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten-copper alloy, etc.), magnetic materials, electrical steel, electromagnetic alloys, stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, copper and its alloys, hydrogen storage alloys, active and Annealing and aging of refractory metals.

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Product Introduction

A Brief Description of Vacuum Annealing Furnace

The vacuum annealing furnace is utilized for various alloy materials, devices (such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten-copper alloy, etc.), magnetic materials, electrical steel, electromagnetic alloys, stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, copper and its alloys, hydrogen storage alloys, as well as the annealing and aging of refractory metals. It can also be employed for the reduction of diamonds and hydrogen storage materials.

The charging methods for the vacuum annealing furnace are: top charging, bottom charging, and horizontal furnace.

Product Advantages of Vacuum Annealing Furnace

● External heating elements

● Dual-zone tube heating element, including special door heater (option)

● Incorporated door water-cooling system for protection of sealing

● Retort made of 1.4841 stainless steel

● Temperature deviation in internal chamber space of max. T 6 K (max. T 10 K for GLO../11)

Features of Vacuum Annealing Furnace

It can perform annealing and aging treatments on magnetic materials, hydrogen storage alloys, active and refractory metals. For instance, it can conduct annealing treatments on electrical steel and electromagnetic alloys, stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys, copper and its alloys, and other metals. The heating chamber maintains uniform temperature, minimizing material deformation during annealing. With rapid cooling functionality, the holding time is reduced, thereby enhancing production efficiency. It offers both internal and external circulation methods.

Working Conditions of Vacuum Annealing Furnace Equipment

Power conditions: three-phase 380V (±6%); 50Hz
Cooling water requirements: inlet pressure 0.1～0.2MPa; temperature ≤30℃; pH value approximately 7; water quality should be soft, without sediment and impurities; flow rate 40T/h.
Environmental conditions: Ambient temperature should be above 0°C and below 35°C; ambient relative humidity should be ≤95% (25°C); altitude below 1000m.
Compressed air (power air source): pressure 0.4～0.6MPa
Installation method: ground installation

Main data parameters of vacuum annealing furnace
Model	Average temperature zone sizeimension of work zone	Maximum temperature	Ultimate pressure	Pressure rise rate	Temperature uniformity	Loading volume
RVST-448G	400×400×800	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	300
RVST-459G	450×450×900	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	500
RVST-669G	600×600×900	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	800
RVST-6612G	600×600×1200	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	1000
RVST-7712G	700×700×1200	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	1500
RVST-8812G	800×800×1200	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	1500
RVST-2TG	1100×1000	1300	2×10-3	0.5	±5	2000

The Working Routine of a Vacuum Annealing Furnace

The mechanism of the heating treatment that goes in an annealing furnace starts off with heating of a material much beyond its recrystallization temperature and then eventually cooling down of the material once it has been held at the temperature, for a certain duration. The material recrystallizes as it cools post some atomic changes that were caused by the heating process with an aim to redistribute and eradicate dislocations in a piece of steel or some other product.

The annealing furnace way of heating calls for three different stages, namely the recovery stage, the recrystallization stage and the grain growth stage. Atmosphere furnaces or vacuum furnaces may also be used for the annealing process. These work as follows:

Recovery Stage: This stage is where the furnace or other heating device is used to raise the temperature of the material to such a point that the internal stresses are relieved.

Recrystallization Stage: Heating the material above its recrystallization temperature but below its melting point causes new grains to form without any residual stresses.

Grain Growth Stage: Cooling the material at a specific rate causes new grains to develop. After which the material will be more workable. Subsequent operations to alter mechanical properties can be carried out following annealing.

An absolute control of accurate temperature and the authentic means of preventing decarburization, are some of the essential prerequisites of this unique heating equipment.

It is important to note that in a box or roller hearth furnace, surface protection is often attained through application of decarb-resistant coating or by packing the work pieces in pipes, in which they are then surrounded by non-decarburizing material, such as spent charcoal and mica, or cast iron chips. Furnaces with prepared atmospheres frequently are used for the annealing of tool steels.

Annealing Process

The annealing process uses the application of heat in an annealing furnace or oven to change a material's strength and hardness, relieve internal stresses, and provide increased ductility. Annealing improves the machinability and mechanical or electrical properties of the treated material. The annealing process may vary based on the material being treated and the desired outcome. Common types of annealing are process annealing, full annealing, and stress relief anneal.

Control Method of Vacuum Annealing Furnace

Magnetic Field Control

Users can directly set the required magnetic field size through the software, and the actual magnetic field value is read by a high-precision Gaussmeter, and then the actual read-out magnetic field value is fed back to the high-precision constant current power supply. After processing by the internal software of the power supply, Directly control the output current of the high-precision constant current power supply to achieve the magnetic field required by the user and display it on the software in real time.

Temperature Control

The required temperature value is directly set through the human-computer interaction interface on the software. After processing by the computer software, the instructions reach the high-temperature furnace heating controller. The controller reads the actual temperature value of the sample area through the temperature sensor (thermocouple), and adjusts the output current through its internal fuzzy control PID, so that the temperature value is stabilized within a certain accuracy range and achieves what the user needs. different temperatures.

Vacuum Environment

The vacuum environment is obtained through the molecular pump group, which is displayed and monitored by the high vacuum full-scale vacuum gauge, and the detection results are transmitted to the computer in real time.

Applications of Vacuum Annealing Furnace

Annealing
Isothermal Annealing
Stress Relieving
Hardening

Tempering
Sintering
Brazing

Normalizing
Case Hardening
Pre-Sintering
Laboratory Applications

FAQ

Q: 1. What are purpose of vacuum annealing furnace?

A: A vacuum annealing furnace is mainly suitable for stainless steel deep drawing parts such as plumbing equipment and does not oxidize. Vacuum annealing furnace. It has high productivity. After treatment, the surface of the product is bright and non-oxidized. It is widely used in stainless steel bearings, cutting tools, self-tapping and self-drilling, stainless steel screws, and other fields. The vacuum annealing furnace can also be used in a protective atmosphere, with less pollution. The main role of a vacuum is It is a barrier set up for precision parts with high-precision metal components to avoid contact with complex gas components under high-temperature conditions. It can also be used for atmosphere annealing.

Q: 2. Which applications are most used in a vacuum furnace?

A: Vacuum furnaces are used in a wide range of applications in both production industries and research laboratories.
Vacuum furnaces are used to carry out processes such annealing, ceramic and metal sintering, brazing and heat treatment consistency and low contamination in a defined, mostly non-oxidising, atmosphere.

Q: 3. What is vacuum annealing?

A: Vacuum annealing is annealing carried out at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Similar to bright annealing, it protects the metal from coming into contact with the standard atmospheric gases during the annealing process.

Q: 4. What are the benefits of vacuum annealing?

A: When annealing under vacuum the following benefits are provided in comparision with treating under atmosphere:
Avoiding intergranular oxidation (igo) and surface oxidation.
Avoiding de-carburized areas.
Metallic, blank surfaces.
Clean surfaces of parts after heat treatment, no washing of parts necessary.

Q: 5. What is the difference between a vacuum furnace and an atmosphere furnace?

A: The difference between an atmosphere furnace and a vacuum furnace is that vacuum heat treatment technology is an integrated technology connected with heat treatment technology and vacuum heat treatment technology, which is a total and partial heat treatment performed under a vacuum.

Q: 6. What is the working principle of furnace?

A: The flames heat up the tubes, which in turn heat the fluid inside in the first part of the furnace known as the radiant section or firebox. In this chamber where combustion takes place, the heat is transferred mainly by radiation to tubes around the fire in the chamber.

Q: 7. What is the temperature of vacuum hardening?

A: Vacuum hardening is a heat treatment process of metal components carried out under controlled partial pressure, during which temperatures of up to 1,300 °C can be reached. The aim of this process variant is the creation of bright metallic workpiece surfaces which render further mechanical processing unnecessary.

Q: 8. What is the process of vacuum hardening?

A: During vacuum hardening, alloy or high-alloy steel is heated and then quenched with gas in order to make the microstructure more robust. The result is a clean or bright metal surface that requires no or almost no hard machining.

Q: 9. What is the main purpose of annealing?

A: The main purpose of annealing is to relieve internal stresses in a metal, particularly after cold working has been carried out. Annealing also has the related purpose of restoring a higher ductility to a metal, which decreases its hardness as well.

Q: 10. Why is annealing needed?

A: Annealing is used to reduce hardness and increase ductility. Changing these mechanical properties through annealing is significant for many reasons: Annealing improves the formability of a material. Hard, brittle materials can be difficult to bend or press without creating a material fracture.

Q: 11. What are the two types of furnace technologies used in heat treatment?

A: Heat-treating furnaces can be grouped into two main categories: batch and continuous. The fundamental difference between these two styles is not in their materials of construction, although there are some differences due to inherent design requirements.

Q: 12. What materials are used in vacuum hardening?

A: During vacuum hardening, material is heated in the absence of oxygen by convection in the medium of inert gas (N₂) and / or heat radiation in the underpressure. Steel is hardened with a stream of nitrogen, whereby cooling rate can be determined by selecting the excess pressure.

Q: 13. Does annealing require furnace cooling?

A: The cooling rate is a critical aspect of annealing. Slow cooling is often achieved by turning off the furnace and allowing the material to cool within the furnace or in a controlled atmosphere. The slow cooling allows for the formation of desired microstructures and the reduction of internal stresses.

Q: 14. Why increase annealing temperature?

A: As the PCR annealing temperature is increased, the stringency of primer annealing is also increased leading to more specific and reproducible amplification.

Q: 15. What is the difference between tempering and annealing?

A: Annealing involves heating steel to a specified temperature and then cooling at a very slow and controlled rate, whereas tempering involves heating the metal to a precise temperature below the critical point, and is often done in air, vacuum or inert atmospheres.

Q: 16. What is difference between annealing and normalizing?

A: The main difference between annealing and normalizing is that annealing allows the material to cool at a controlled rate in a furnace. Normalizing allows the material to cool by placing it in a room temperature environment and exposing it to the air in that environment.

Q: 17. What is vacuum annealing?

Q: 18. What is the vacuum treatment of steel?

A: Vacuum treated or vacuum degassed steel is used for critical applications that require steel with an exceptionally high degree of structural uniformity, internal soundness and other characteristics that may be impaired by the effects of uncontrolled amounts of dissolved gases.

Q: 19. What are the components of annealing furnace?

A: The main process equipment of the bell type full-hydrogen annealing furnace includes the annealing furnace stand with supply pipeline and discharge pipeline, inner cover, heating cover, cooling cover, valve station and so on.

Q: 20. What is the difference between annealing and hardening?

A: Annealing is the process of heating and then cooling metal to enhance its ductility, toughness, tensile strength, malleability and hardness before tempering it. Hardening is the tempering treatment given to steel after hardening it in order to make it more brittle thereby making the steel machinable.

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