Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace is a very mature and perfect vacuum heat treatment equipment, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving and fast quenching speed. Its excellent performance and unique design provide a wide range of applications, mainly suitable for vacuum quenching, annealing, brazing, sintering and other vacuum heat treatments of die steel, alloy steel, martensitic stainless steel, bowl alloy, and magnetic materials.

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Product Introduction

Brief Description of Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

The vacuum gas quenching furnace is a highly mature and advanced vacuum heat treatment equipment, known for its high efficiency, energy-saving features, and fast quenching speed. Its excellent performance and unique design allow for a wide range of applications, primarily suitable for vacuum quenching, annealing, brazing, sintering, and other vacuum heat treatments of die steel, alloy steel, martensitic stainless steel, bowl alloy, and magnetic materials.

The vacuum gas quenching furnace is typically a single-chamber furnace, mainly divided into two types: vertical and horizontal furnaces. Its advantages include a uniform structure obtained through gas-quenched workpieces, minimal deformation, and the use of high-purity inert gas as the quenching medium, usually 99.999% pure nitrogen, ensuring no pollution to the workpiece surface and high cleanliness. It is suitable for heat treating steel with good hardenability. Precision workpieces generally undergo air quenching, with relatively large power fan requirements during quenching. Power resources should be used reasonably to save costs. High-pressure nitrogen gas, up to 6-10bar, can be filled during quenching for products with higher quality requirements. Furnace design features include the use of copper finned tubes for the heat exchanger, ensuring fast cooling, evenly distributed air nozzles for uniform firing of workpieces, minimal workpiece deformation, evenly distributed heating elements in the hot chamber, and uniform high furnace temperature.

Principle of Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

Quenching furnaces are the most common type of heat-processing equipment. They are limited in size by the amount of product they can contain and the size of the heat-processing chamber. Batch furnaces are used to process a variety of materials in numerous applications, including annealing, brazing, carburizing, hardening, normalizing, and tempering.

Thermocouple is the core sensing element of temperature instrument, which is widely used in calciner to measure the temperature. The accuracy of temperature measurement directly affects the production quality and economic efficiency.In industrial production, the temperature preservation of calciner is particularly important and has great value. Thermocouple is the core sensing element of temperature instrument, which is widely used in calciner to measure the temperature. The accuracy of temperature measurement directly affects the production quality and economic efficiency. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial automation, the application of thermocouple in calciner is more and more extensive, and the requirements for thermocouple are also increasing. Many factors will affect the accuracy of thermocouple, such as material and structure of thermocouple, installation and use environment, etc.

Calcination is a process of heating a material to a high temperature, typically above its melting point, to cause thermal decomposition, phase changes, or to remove volatile constituents. This process is often used to treat smaller materials, materials sensitive to oxidation, combustion, explosion and heat.

Quenching furnaces can also deal with materials that may cause pollution. These furnaces have the ability to remove impurities from the materials, which can prevent environmental contamination.

Main Equipment Configuration Features

Reasonable space, modular design, and easy maintenance.

Adequate container volume to achieve the fastest evacuation and minimal quenching gas consumption.

Use of high-quality graphite hard felt (metal screen is optional) with high temperature resistance, air flow erosion resistance, and fast quenching speed.

Utilization of large-diameter and large-area heat exchangers for faster cooling under similar pressure conditions.

Ability for the imported special circulating fan to start in a vacuum state.

Configuration of vacuum units and measurement systems according to technical requirements, with optional domestic or imported designations.

Adoption of international brands for the electrical control system and electrothermal measurement system.

Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace Options

Vertical orientation
Graphite or metal hot zone
Improved temperature uniformity

Multi-zone temperature control
Load thermocouples port and control
High-temperature operation
High vacuum or ultra-high vacuum

Low and cryogenic-temperature trap
Partial pressure control
Cooling gas flow direction

Key Properties of Gas Quenching Mediums

If an inert gaseous atmosphere is to have any effect on a heat-soaked metal part, it needs to be dense and thick. Usually, the gas in question is delivered as a high-pressure mass. Referred to as High-Pressure Gas Quenching, the substance is propelled into a vacuum-sealed furnace. From here, convection currents and heat transference laws quickly cool a hardened metal item. Before proceeding any further, those inert gaseous mediums deserve a mention. They are, in order of preference, nitrogen, helium, argon and hydrogen. Argon yields poor quenching results, while hydrogen combusts when it comes into contact with oxygen.

The Benefits of Gas Quenching

Hydrogen is a safety risk. Argon isn't a good option either. Sticking with a high-pressure stream of nitrogen or helium, a vacuum furnace, one that's equipped with a quenching chamber, receives its velocity-delivered stream of quenching gas. Of great benefit here, the gas cooling action doesn't cause the metal to deform or experience dimensional changes. That's a feature that liquid quenching can't duplicate, by the way. Also, the process is significantly accelerated, so the hardened workpiece receives a more responsively applied cooling profile. Provided with perfectly timed quenching notches, high-pressure gas cooling systems are more governable than their oil or water facilitated quenching counterparts.

Application of Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

Vacuum gas quenching, vacuum high-pressure gas quenching furnaces are mainly used for vacuum bright gas quenching of materials including cold/hot die steel, high-speed steel, die steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and titanium alloys, and also used for vacuum removal of hydrogen and vacuum brazing of titanium alloys, etc.

Typical Specifications of Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

Vertical vacuum furnaces with gas pressure quenching capability typically operate in the temperature range of 538°C – 1315°C (1000°F – 2400°F). Temperature uniformity meets (or exceeds) AMS 2750 (Pyrometry) specifications. Other typical features are:

Operating temperatures up to 1315°C (2400°F).

Ultimate vacuum levels in the 10-6 torr range.

Modular hot zone designs (for easy maintenance).

All-graphite and all-metal hot zones

All-graphite hot zones providing excellent durability.

All-metal hot zones for ultra-high vacuum and critical cleanliness part processing.

Curved graphite or molybdenum (pure or lanthanated) strip heating elements

Selectable gas quench pressures (2 – 10 bar).

PC-based fully automated controls with HMI interfaces and remote access capability.

Convection heating capability (optional).

FAQ

Q: 1. What is vacuum quenching?

A: Vacuum quenching refers to the rapid cooling of parts in a vacuum furnace in order to achieve a bright quenching of parts, the rapid cooling medium is mainly gas (such as inert gas), water, quenching oil, etc.

Q: 2. What is the purpose of gas quenching?

A: Gas quenching is an important step in the treatment of steel parts. The process consists of cooling the parts down from their critical temperature quickly in order to strengthen and harden the metal. These metals include ferrous and alloys. A variety of mediums can be applied to the quenching process.

Q: 3. What is the purpose of a vacuum furnace?

A: Vacuum furnaces are used to carry out processes such as annealing, brazing, sintering and heat treatment with high consistency and low contamination. Characteristics of a vacuum furnace are: Uniform temperatures in the range. 800–3,000 °C (1,500–5,400 °F).

Q: 4. What is the purpose of vacuum heat treatment?

A: This heat treatment causes a skin or layer on the surface of the metal that is harder or softer and thereby changes the properties of the metal. To avoid this oxidation process – where oxygen has reacted with the metal - it is therefore helpful to remove all the air and reactive elements in a vacuum chamber.

Q: 5. What is the gas quenching process?

A: Gas quenching is a form of quenching that uses gas as a quenching media instead of liquid. Gas quenching typically uses nitrogen gas, helium, argon, hydrogen, or some mix/blend of these to quickly cool parts from their critical temperature. The metal parts to be quenched can be either alloys or ferrous metals.

Q: 6. How does quenching work?

A: Quenching is the process of rapidly cooling a hot metal to lock the atoms in place, creating a very hard but brittle microstructure. This is typically done by plunging the hot metal into a cooling bath, such as oil or water.

Q: 7. What is an example of a quenching gas?

A: Common quench gases include nitrogen, argon and helium. Hydrogen, although excellent with respect to heat transfer, is seldom used as a quench gas due to safety considerations.

Q: 8. What is quenching in heat treatment?

A: Quenching is a step in many heat treatment processes that involves heating the part to the required temperature and immersing it in a quenching medium to quickly cool it. Other heat treatment processes often follow quenching, such as aging, tempering, or annealing to achieve the desired results.

Q: 9. What is the vacuum level of a vacuum furnace?

A: The base vacuum furnace comes standard with an evacuation system for vacuum levels down to 10-2 Torr (mbar), and an inert gas system for operation in Argon. An optional blower on the roughing pump brings down the operational pressure to 10-3 Torr (mbar).

Q: 10. How does vacuum reduce temperature?

A: Temperature does not change in a perfect vacuum because energy would not move, hence halting any possible change in temperature. Temperature can change in an imperfect vacuum, like within space, because such a vacuum has particles within it that allows energy as movement that causes change.

Q: 11. How does vacuum help in induction melting furnace?

A: In the vacuum chamber, the atmosphere is tightly controlled. Only specified gases are introduced at precise pressures. This level of control allows tight control over the chemical composition of the melted material and any reactivity. Unwanted oxidation or reactions with ambient gases are avoided.

Q: 12. What is quenching types of quenching?

A: The types of quenching include induction heating surface quenching, flame heating surface quenching, electrolyte quenching, and laser quenching. Rapid heating of the workpiece causes rapid phase change of the surface tissue and transforms it into unique properties, which is called surface heat treatment.

Q: 13. Is quenching really necessary?

A: Quenching steel is a crucial step in the metalworking process that enhances the strength and hardness of the material. The quenching process involves rapidly cooling heated metal to room temperature or below.

Q: 14. What is the effect of quenching temperature?

A: The retained austenite in the quenching structure increases and the hardness decreases when the quenching temperature exceeds 1,040°C. The tensile strength and impact toughness of HSS roll increase once the quenching temperature is raised from 980°C to 1,040°C.

Q: 15. What is the difference between tempering and quenching?

A: Quenching is a metal heat treatment process that is done by cooling a metal for it to acquire adjusted mechanical properties. Tempering, alternatively, heats it to a high temperature before cooling it through different media, helping the product reduce internal stresses and lessen brittleness.

Q: 16. Where are quenching gases used?

A: A quenching gas is added to the gas of proportional and G-M detectors to reduce the effect of secondary pulses. If the gas is continually replaced, such as in a gas flow detector, methane is frequently used as a quenching gas. In sealed detectors, alcohol and ethyl formate or one of the halogen gases may be used.

Q: 17. What is a vacuum furnace heat treatment process?

A: Metal parts that need to withstand intense high heat and stress require vacuum heat treatment. In vacuum heat treatment, most of the air and reactive elements like oxygen are removed using a vacuum furnace to prevent discoloration and oxidation and improve material strength.

Q: 18. What is the vacuum annealing process?

A: Vacuum annealing is annealing carried out at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Similar to bright annealing, it protects the metal from coming into contact with the standard atmospheric gases during the annealing process.

Q: 19. What is the purpose of vacuum heat treatment?

Q: 20. What temperature is quenching heat treatment?

A: The process of quenching is a progression, beginning with heating the sample. Most materials are heated to between 815 and 900 °C (1,500 to 1,650 °F), with careful attention paid to keeping temperatures throughout the workpiece uniform.

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